Erythema nodosum
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ReferencesErythema nodosum är den vanligaste typen av pannikulit, kännetecknad av smärtsamma röda knölar, främst på underbenen. Dess exakta orsak är fortfarande okänd, men den verkar bero på ett överdrivet svar på olika triggers. Även om ursprunget ofta är osäkert är det viktigt att utesluta andra underliggande tillstånd innan diagnosen primär erythema nodosum. Tillståndet kan vara ett tecken på systemiska sjukdomar såsom infektioner, inflammation, cancer eller reaktioner på medicinering. Vanliga triggers inkluderar streptokockinfektioner (strep infections), tuberkulos (tuberculosis), sarcoidos (sarcoidosis), Behçets sjukdom (Behçet's disease), inflammatorisk tarmsjukdom (inflammatory bowel disease), vissa läkemedel (certain medications) och graviditet.
Erythema nodosum is the most common form of panniculitis and is characterized by tender erythematous nodules mainly in the lower limbs on the pretibial area. The exact cause of erythema nodosum is unknown, although it appears to be a hypersensitivity response to a variety of antigenic stimuli. Although the etiology is mostly idiopathic, ruling out an underlying disease is imperative before diagnosing primary erythema nodosum. Erythema nodosum can be the first sign of a systemic disease that is triggered by a large group of processes, such as infections, inflammatory diseases, neoplasia, and/or drugs. The most common identifiable causes are streptococcal infections, primary tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, Behçet disease, inflammatory bowel disease, drugs, and pregnancy.
Erythema nodosum is the most common form of panniculitis and is characterized by tender erythematous nodules mainly in the lower limbs on the pretibial area. The exact cause of erythema nodosum is unknown, although it appears to be a hypersensitivity response to a variety of antigenic stimuli. Although the etiology is mostly idiopathic, ruling out an underlying disease is imperative before diagnosing primary erythema nodosum. Erythema nodosum can be the first sign of a systemic disease that is triggered by a large group of processes, such as infections, inflammatory diseases, neoplasia, and/or drugs. The most common identifiable causes are streptococcal infections, primary tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, Behçet disease, inflammatory bowel disease, drugs, and pregnancy.
Panniculitis hänvisar till en rad olika inflammatoriska tillstånd som påverkar fettvävnaden under huden. Dessa tillstånd är ovanliga hos barn. Panniculitis kan antingen vara huvudproblemet i ett systemiskt tillstånd eller en reaktion som är sekundär till faktorer såsom infektion, skada eller vissa mediciner. Oavsett orsak visar de flesta typer av panniculitis liknande symtom, bland annat smärtsamma, röda knölar under huden.
Panniculitides form a heterogenous group of inflammatory diseases that involve the subcutaneous adipose tissue. These disorders are rare in children and have many aetiologies. As in adults, the panniculitis can be the primary process in a systemic disorder or a secondary process that results from infection, trauma or exposure to medication. Some types of panniculitis are seen more commonly or exclusively in children, and several new entities have been described in recent years. Most types of panniculitis have the same clinical presentation (regardless of the aetiology), with tender, erythematous subcutaneous nodules.
Panniculitides form a heterogenous group of inflammatory diseases that involve the subcutaneous adipose tissue. These disorders are rare in children and have many aetiologies. As in adults, the panniculitis can be the primary process in a systemic disorder or a secondary process that results from infection, trauma or exposure to medication. Some types of panniculitis are seen more commonly or exclusively in children, and several new entities have been described in recent years. Most types of panniculitis have the same clinical presentation (regardless of the aetiology), with tender, erythematous subcutaneous nodules.
Panniculitis, en inflammation i fettlagret under huden, är ett sällsynt tillstånd som vanligtvis visar sig som svullna knölar eller fläckar. Erythema nodosum (EN) är den vanligaste formen och utlöses ofta av olika faktorer. Cirka 55 % av fallen har ingen tydlig orsak, men vanliga triggers är infektioner, läkemedel, vissa sjukdomar såsom sarkoidos och inflammatorisk tarmsjukdom, graviditet samt cancer. EN förekommer främst hos tonåringar och unga vuxna, oftare hos kvinnor. Tillståndet föregås ofta av en allmän sjukdomskänsla som varar en till tre veckor, med symtom som feber och övre luftvägsinfektioner. Därefter uppkommer röda knölar, vanligtvis på de yttre sidorna av armar och ben, vilket ger smärta. EN:s exakta orsak är inte helt klarlagd, men man tror att immunkomplex i små blodkärl i fettlagret spelar en roll och leder till inflammation. En biopsi visar vanligtvis inflammation i fettlagret utan skador på blodkärlen. Även utan specifik behandling av den bakomliggande orsaken löser EN sig ofta av sig själv, så de flesta patienter behöver bara stödjande vård för sina symtom.
Panniculitis, an inflammation of the fat layer under the skin, is a rare condition usually showing up as swollen nodules or patches. Erythema nodosum (EN) is the most common type, often triggered by various factors. While around 55% of cases have no clear cause, common triggers include infections, medications, certain diseases like sarcoidosis and inflammatory bowel disease, pregnancy, and cancer. EN usually appears in teens and young adults, more often in females. It's often preceded by a general feeling of illness lasting one to three weeks, with symptoms like fever and upper respiratory issues. Then, red nodules appear, usually on the outer sides of arms and legs, causing pain. EN's exact cause isn't fully understood, but it's believed to involve immune complexes in small blood vessels of the fat layer, leading to inflammation. Typically, a biopsy shows inflammation in the fat layer without damage to blood vessels. Even without specific treatment for the underlying cause, EN often resolves on its own. So, most patients need only supportive care for their symptoms.
Panniculitis, an inflammation of the fat layer under the skin, is a rare condition usually showing up as swollen nodules or patches. Erythema nodosum (EN) is the most common type, often triggered by various factors. While around 55% of cases have no clear cause, common triggers include infections, medications, certain diseases like sarcoidosis and inflammatory bowel disease, pregnancy, and cancer. EN usually appears in teens and young adults, more often in females. It's often preceded by a general feeling of illness lasting one to three weeks, with symptoms like fever and upper respiratory issues. Then, red nodules appear, usually on the outer sides of arms and legs, causing pain. EN's exact cause isn't fully understood, but it's believed to involve immune complexes in small blood vessels of the fat layer, leading to inflammation. Typically, a biopsy shows inflammation in the fat layer without damage to blood vessels. Even without specific treatment for the underlying cause, EN often resolves on its own. So, most patients need only supportive care for their symptoms.
Erythema nodosum diagnostiseras kliniskt. En biopsi kan tas och undersökas mikroskopiskt för att bekräfta en osäker diagnos. En lungröntgen bör göras för att utesluta lungsjukdomar, i synnerhet sarkoidos och tuberkulos.